Author: norms

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What’s the difference between Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment?

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are two distinct types of assessments that evaluate the potential consequences of a project, policy, or program. Here’s a comparison of the two:

Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

  1. Focus: Evaluates the potential social consequences, including effects on communities, individuals, and social structures.
  2. Objectives: Identifies potential social impacts, predicts their likelihood and magnitude, and evaluates their significance.
  3. Methodologies: Uses qualitative and quantitative methods, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA).
  4. Indicators: Assesses impacts on social indicators like health, education, housing, employment, and community cohesion.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

  1. Focus: Evaluates the potential environmental consequences, including effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, air and water quality, and natural resources.
  2. Objectives: Identifies potential environmental impacts, predicts their likelihood and magnitude, and evaluates their significance.
  3. Methodologies: Uses quantitative and qualitative methods, such as environmental monitoring, modeling, and ecological assessments.
  4. Indicators: Assesses impacts on environmental indicators like air and water quality, soil contamination, noise pollution, and biodiversity loss.

Key differences:

  1. Focus area: SIA focuses on social consequences, while EIA focuses on environmental consequences.
  2. Methodologies: SIA uses more qualitative methods, while EIA relies on quantitative methods.
  3. Indicators: SIA assesses social indicators, while EIA assesses environmental indicators.
  4. Objectives: SIA aims to identify and mitigate potential social impacts, while EIA aims to identify and mitigate potential environmental impacts.

In summary, while both SIA and EIA are essential tools for evaluating the potential consequences of a project or policy, they differ in their focus areas, methodologies, indicators, and objectives.

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What’s the difference between Norms and Ethics?

By Isaac Omo-Ehiabhi Eranga, FSFSN, PAMHSE

Norms and ethics are two related but distinct concepts:

Norms

  1. Shared expectations: Norms are unwritten rules or expectations that govern behavior within a group, community, or society.
  2. Social standards: Norms define what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior in a particular context.
  3. Informal enforcement: Norms are often enforced through social pressure, ridicule, or exclusion.
  4. Variable across cultures: Norms can vary significantly across different cultures, communities, or societies.

Ethics

  1. Moral principles: Ethics refer to a set of moral principles or values that guide behavior and decision-making.
  2. Universal principles: Ethics are often based on universal principles, such as respect, fairness, and compassion.
  3. Formal codes: Ethics can be codified in formal codes, laws, or regulations.
  4. Internalized standards: Ethics are often internalized as personal standards, guiding individual behavior and decision-making.

Key differences

  1. Scope: Norms are specific to a particular group or community, while ethics are more universal and applicable across different contexts.
  2. Enforcement: Norms are enforced through social pressure, while ethics are often enforced through formal codes, laws, or internalized personal standards.
  3. Focus: Norms focus on what is acceptable behavior, while ethics focus on what is morally right or wrong.

To illustrate the difference:

  • A norm might dictate that it’s acceptable to wear casual clothes to work on Fridays.
  • An ethical principle, on the other hand, might dictate that it’s wrong to lie to a customer, regardless of the circumstances.

In summary, norms define acceptable behavior within a specific context, while ethics provide a moral framework for guiding behavior and decision-making across different contexts.

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The importance of norms consciousness in societal development

By Isaac Eranga, FIFS, PAMHSE

Norms are the building blocks of societal life and law thrives on norms. Lack of consciousness of norms brings about social disorder, disharmony, criminality and oppression. In other words, for the society to be in order and harmony, we must learn to appreciate our norms. This is more so because our norms dictates the acceptability of our behaviour in the society. For the society to accept us, our behaviour must conform to the norms governing us as a people.

Norms are social standards that dictates the rightness and wrongness of our actions and behaviours. These social standards can be learnt from the following institutions: family, religions, government or state, education, etc.

Norms is a normative science like ethics that tells you how an individual ought to behave in order for him/her to be accepted by the society. Non-acceptance can categorise one into human categories with negative connotations. Such categories could be: deviance, criminals, corrupt, rapist, robbers, murderers, kidnappers, dishonest, etc. It’s as a result of these negative connotations that law came into existence. This help to buttress the fact that “where there is no sin, there will be no law”.

What are the norms governing your community?